RESUMO
La adecuada comprensión de un término psicopatológico requiere, no solo del conocimiento de la alteración descrita, sino también de los contextos y conceptos a partir de los cuales fue acuñado y de la transformación de los mismos a lo largo del tiempo. En el caso del trastorno formal del pensamiento se describe su evolución desde su incorporación a la psicopatología con fines puramente descriptivos y asociado a la influencia del asociacionismo y a la idea de una dependencia directa entre pensamiento y lenguaje hasta la actualidad, en que el uso de herramientas computacionales y de hipótesis provenientes de la lingüística han promovido su uso como instrumento diagnóstico y marcador pronóstico, al tiempo que ha significado la incorporación de nueva terminología. (AU)
Properly understanding a psychopathological term requires knowledge of the disorder described, the contexts and concepts from which it was coined, and its modification over time. In the case of formal thought disorder, we describe its evolution from its incorporation into psychopathology for purely descriptive purposes and associated with the influence of associationism and the idea of a direct dependence between thought and language to the present day, in which the use of computational tools and hypotheses from linguistics have promoted its use as a diagnostic tool and prognostic marker, while simultaneously leading to the incorporation of new terminology. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , História do Século XIX , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Pensamento , Psicopatologia/história , Psicopatologia/tendências , Desenvolvimento da Linguagem , Cognição , Estudos Observacionais como Assunto/história , Terminologia como Assunto , Diagnóstico por Computador , Esquizofrenia , LinguísticaAssuntos
Estudos Observacionais como Assunto/história , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto/história , Estreptomicina , Tuberculose Pulmonar , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Estreptomicina/história , Estreptomicina/uso terapêutico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose Pulmonar/históriaRESUMO
This article serves as a ready reference guide to the pioneering formal studies in cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemiology initiated during 3 decades of the subject's evolution into an established academic field that contributed to the public health. The article is not intended to be a history of CVD epidemiology or an editorial about its significance. The appended tables include the titles and starting dates of the early studies, the names of their principal investigators, and references to a single defining article from each. The early observational studies of CVD epidemiology provided a widely useful CVD risk-factor paradigm. The early clinical trials justified the more definitive preventive trials of the 1980s and beyond. This early research in populations, along with others in clinics and laboratories, led to greater understanding of the causes of CVD, to a vigorous practice of preventive cardiology, and to national policy and programs of health promotion, all of which were coincident with a 50-year decline in CVD mortality rates.
